The Prohibition of Sectarianism in Islam: Understanding Sunni and Shia Divisions
Islam, as a faith rooted in the principles of unity and monotheism, places a significant emphasis on the concept of Ummah, the global community of Muslims. However, the division between the sects, Muslims has been a longstanding issue, leading many to question why such sectarian distinctions are considered Haram (forbidden) in Islam.
Understanding the Foundations of Islam
Islam, established by the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), is based on the Quran and Hadith, which underscore the importance of unity among Muslims. The Quran explicitly warns against division and encourages Muslims to hold firmly to the rope of Allah and not be divided (Quran 3:103). This principle forms the core argument against the sectarian split between Sunni and Shia.
Historical Context of Sunni and Shia Divisions
The division between Sunni and Shia Muslims dates back to a political dispute over the rightful successor to the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). Sunnis believed that the community should elect the Caliph, leading to the selection of Abu Bakr as the first Caliph. In contrast, Shias argued that leadership should remain within the Prophet’s family, supporting Ali, the Prophet’s cousin and son-in-law. Over time, these political differences evolved into distinct theological and jurisprudential traditions.
The Islamic Perspective on Sectarianism
Islam advocates for unity and condemns any form of division that weakens the Ummah. The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) warned against factionalism, stating that his followers would divide into seventy-three sects, but only one would be on the right path. This Hadith underscores the idea that creating and adhering to sects such as Sunni or Shia could deviate from the original teachings of Islam.
Why Sectarianism is Considered Haram
- Undermines Unity: The division between Sunni and Shia Muslims contradicts the Quranic command to remain united. Sectarianism leads to discord and conflict, weakening the collective strength of the Muslim Ummah.
- Deviation from True Teachings: Islam is meant to be a complete and unified way of life. By aligning strictly with either Sunni or Shia interpretations, Muslims might overlook the holistic teachings of the Quran and Sunnah, which are meant to be universal.
- Fuel for Conflict: Throughout history, Sunni-Shia conflicts have led to significant bloodshed and suffering. This goes against the fundamental Islamic principles of peace, compassion, and justice.
Promoting Unity in Islam
To combat the division between Sunni and Shia, it is essential for Muslims to focus on the commonalities rather than the differences. Both sects share the core beliefs in the oneness of Allah, the prophethood of Muhammad (PBUH), and the guidance of the Quran and Hadith. Prominent Islamic scholars and leaders often emphasize dialogue and understanding to bridge the gaps and foster unity.
Conclusion
The prohibition of identifying strictly as Sunni or Shia stems from the broader Islamic directive to maintain unity and avoid division. By adhering to the principles of Islam that promote peace, unity, and mutual respect, Muslims can overcome sectarian divides and strengthen the global Ummah. This approach not only aligns with the true teachings of Islam but also ensures a more cohesive and harmonious Muslim community worldwide.